Optimization of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) Placement Using the League Championship Algorithm (LCA) Algorithm
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Jan 31, 2026
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Abstract
The increasing need for electrical energy in Indonesia causes the operational transmission network to experience stress to the limit of permissible stability. Changing the transmission line configuration can be used as a solution to this problem. Changes in transmission line configuration cause voltage stability problems on transmission lines. The main factors that cause voltage stability problems are: limits on generator reactive power, load characteristics, and characteristics of compensators installed on transmission lines. Increasing the voltage profile on transmission lines can be done by adding a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device. Determining the location and capacity of FACTS is a very important thing to take into account considering the relatively expensive investment costs for this equipment. TCSC is one of the simpler FACTS devices, and can be controlled easily compared to other FACTS equipment. The implementation of the League Championship Algorithm (LCA) algorithm in determining the optimal location for placing FACTS devices has been able to reduce power losses. Loading is carried out under normal conditions, loads of 125%, 140% and 150%. Several loading conditions on the IEEE 14 BUS system have shown voltage stability in conditions after FACTS installation.
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Fatkhurrozi, B., Setiawan, H., & Abdillah, M. (2026). Optimization of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) Placement Using the League Championship Algorithm (LCA) Algorithm. Journal of Telecommunication Electronics and Control Engineering (JTECE), 8(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.20895/jtece.v8i1.1839
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References
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BAGUS FATKHURROZIet al.:JTECE.VOL.08,NO.01,PP.XX-XX,MONTH YEAR58
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[23]T. Shojarazavi, H. Barati, and A. Barati, “A wrapper method based on a modified two-step league championship algorithm for detecting botnets in IoT environments,” Computing, vol. 104, no. 8, pp. 1753–1774, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s00607-022-01070-9.
[24] M. Farhadi Sartangi, A. Husseinzadeh Kashan, H. Haleh, and A. Kazemi, “A Mixed Integer Linear Formulation and a Grouping League Championship Algorithm for a Multiperiod‐Multitrip Order Picking System with Product Replenishment to Minimize Total Tardiness,” Complexity, vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 1382558, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/1382558.
[25] “DATA SHEETS FOR IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM.”
[26] H.-Y. Kim, G.-S. Shin, J. Mahseredjian, and C.-H. Kim, “Voltage Stability Index(VSI)-Based Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) Charging/Discharging Strategy in Radial Distribution System,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 3885–3890, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s42835-024-01818-7.
[27] S. Sivakumar, S. B. Ramasamy Gunaseelan, M. V. Reddy Krishnakumar, N. Krishnan, A. Sharma, and A. Aguila Téllez, “Analysis of distribution systems in the presence of electric vehicles and optimal allocation of distributed generations considering power loss and voltage stability index,” IET Generation Trans & Dist, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1114–1132, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1049/gtd2.12968
[2] S. Mokred, Y. Wang, and T. Chen, “Modern voltage stability index for prediction of voltage collapse and estimation of maximum load-ability for weak buses and critical lines identification,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 145, p. 108596, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108596.
[3] H. S. Salama and I. Vokony, “Voltage stability indices–A comparison and a review,” Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 98, p. 107743, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.107743.
[4] A. Carbonara, S. Dambone Sessa, A. L’Abbate, F. Sanniti, and R. Chiumeo, “Comparison of Advanced Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) Devices with Conventional Technologies for Power System Stability Enhancement: An Updated Review,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 21, p. 4262, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/electronics13214262.
BAGUS FATKHURROZIet al.:JTECE.VOL.08,NO.01,PP.XX-XX,MONTH YEAR58
[5] E. Mohamed, A. Hellal, A. Souli, and R. D. Mohammedi, “The Impact Study of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System on Transient Stability of Power Systems Using MATLAB CODE and Power World Simulator,” ITEGAM, vol. 10, no. 50, 2024, doi: 10.5935/jetia.v10i50.1300.
[6] M. Tarafdar Hagh, M. A. Jabbary Borhany, K. Taghizad-Tavana, and M. Z. Oskouei, “A Comprehensive Review of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS): Topologies, Applications and Innovative Models,” Heliyon, p. e41001, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41001.
[7] Y. Feng, W. Huang, Z. Jin, Y. Li, Z. J. Shen, and Z. Shuai, “Voltage Support Strategy for Improving Power Transfer Capability of Grid-Connected Converter Under Unbalanced Conditions,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 7863–7875, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2024.3380626.
[8] D. M. Teferra and L. Ngoo, “Improving the voltage quality and power transfer capability of transmission system using FACTS controller,” International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 10–19, 2021.
[9] S. Alshehri et al., “Impact of Advanced Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor on Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulator Dual Area System with Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets-PID Usage,” Processes, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 2647, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.3390/pr12122647.
[10] F. Cao, L. Hu, J. Zhang, R. A. Almenweer, J. Alnasseir, and F. Almaghout, “Study on Power Flow Improvement Using Static Compensators and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor in Transmission Network,” in 2023 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT), Chengdu, China: IEEE, Dec. 2023, pp. 354–359. doi: 10.1109/CEECT59667.2023.10420634.
[11] H.-K. Ku, H.-I. Kwon, J.-Y. Song, S.-C. Oh, and J.-H. Shin, “Analysis of the System Impact upon Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Relocation Due to Changes in the Power System Environment,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 722, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16020722.
[12] S. Kaur, Y. Kumar, A. Koul, and S. Kumar Kamboj, “A Systematic Review on Metaheuristic Optimization Techniques for Feature Selections in Disease Diagnosis: Open Issues and Challenges,” Arch Computat Methods Eng, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1863–1895, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11831-022-09853-1.
[13] V. Kumar and S. M. Yadav, “A state-of-the-Art review of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques for the management of water resources,” Water Supply, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 3702–3728, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.2166/ws.2022.010.
[14] S. Afkhami, A. Husseinzadeh Kashan, and B. Ostadi, “Effective league championship algorithm and lower bound procedure for scheduling a single batch-processing machine with non-identical job sizes and job rejection,” RAIRO-Oper. Res., vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1453–1479, May 2023, doi: 10.1051/ro/2023050.
[15] D. Benkhetta, A. Rouina, and A. Necira, “The League Championship Algorithm (LCA) for optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors,” SEES, vol. 5, no. 2, p. e6975, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.54021/seesv5n2-124.
[16] M. Hosseinzadeh et al., “A secure routing approach based on league championship algorithm for wireless body sensor networks in healthcare,” PLoS ONE, vol. 18, no. 10, p. e0290119, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290119.
[17] A. H. Kashan, “League Championship Algorithm: A New Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization,” in 2009 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, Malacca, Malaysia: IEEE, 2009, pp. 43–48. doi: 10.1109/SoCPaR.2009.21.
[18] J. J. Shea, “Understanding FACTS-concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems [Book Review],” IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 46–46, Jan. 2002, doi: 10.1109/MEI.2002.981326.
[19] K. R. Padiyar, FACTS Controllers In Power Transmission And Distribution. y New Age International, 2007.[20]M. Huang, Q. Dong, F. Ni, and L. Wang, “LCA and LCCA based multi-objective optimization of pavement maintenance,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 283, p. 124583, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124583.
[21] M. Basu, “Optimal power flow with FACTS devices using differential evolution,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 150–156, Feb. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2007.06.011.
[22] S. S. Das, G. Koneti, and R. Narayanan, “Hybrid Modified League Championship Algorithm and its Applications in Compartmental Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), Las Vegas, NV, USA: IEEE, Dec. 2022, pp. 3248–3251. doi: 10.1109/BIBM55620.2022.9995090.
[23]T. Shojarazavi, H. Barati, and A. Barati, “A wrapper method based on a modified two-step league championship algorithm for detecting botnets in IoT environments,” Computing, vol. 104, no. 8, pp. 1753–1774, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s00607-022-01070-9.
[24] M. Farhadi Sartangi, A. Husseinzadeh Kashan, H. Haleh, and A. Kazemi, “A Mixed Integer Linear Formulation and a Grouping League Championship Algorithm for a Multiperiod‐Multitrip Order Picking System with Product Replenishment to Minimize Total Tardiness,” Complexity, vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 1382558, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/1382558.
[25] “DATA SHEETS FOR IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM.”
[26] H.-Y. Kim, G.-S. Shin, J. Mahseredjian, and C.-H. Kim, “Voltage Stability Index(VSI)-Based Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) Charging/Discharging Strategy in Radial Distribution System,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 3885–3890, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s42835-024-01818-7.
[27] S. Sivakumar, S. B. Ramasamy Gunaseelan, M. V. Reddy Krishnakumar, N. Krishnan, A. Sharma, and A. Aguila Téllez, “Analysis of distribution systems in the presence of electric vehicles and optimal allocation of distributed generations considering power loss and voltage stability index,” IET Generation Trans & Dist, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1114–1132, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1049/gtd2.12968