Slot-Enabled Mutual Coupling Reduction in Flexible Jeans-Based Textile MIMO Antenna for 2.45 GHz Wearable System
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Abstract
Mutual coupling is a main challenge in the design of textile-based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas, as it can significantly degrade channel capacity, signal quality, and communication efficiency. This study proposes a jeans-based textile MIMO antenna modified with vertical and horizontal slots at the center of the patch to minimize electromagnetic interaction between elements. The antenna was designed and analyzed using HFSS, and its performance was validated through measurements. The results demonstrate high isolation (S21) values, with –58.32 dB in simulation and –78.19 dB in measurement, at the 2.45 GHz operating frequency. In addition, the antenna exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern with uniform energy distribution, ensuring reliable coverage. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the slot technique in enhancing MIMO antenna performance and highlight the potential of flexible jeans-based substrates for wearable system applications in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Article Details
How to Cite
Umaisaroh, U., Bobi, B., & Alaydrus, M. (2026). Slot-Enabled Mutual Coupling Reduction in Flexible Jeans-Based Textile MIMO Antenna for 2.45 GHz Wearable System. Journal of Telecommunication Electronics and Control Engineering (JTECE), 8(2), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.20895/jtece.v8i2.2079
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References
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[17]. M. A. Sufian, N. Hussain, A. Abbas, J. Lee, S. G. Park and N. Kim, "Mutual Coupling Reduction of a Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna Using Parasitic Elements and DGS for V2X Communications," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 56388-56400, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177886.
[18]. S. Robee, J. P. Coupez, C. Person, A. -C. Amiaud and T. Merlet, "Mutual coupling reduction through choke structures in a Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array," 2023 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA), Genoa, Italy, 2023, pp. 857-861, doi: 10.1109/CAMA57522.2023.10352845.
[19]. S. Pramono and B. B. Subagio, "Mutual Coupling Reduction & Bandwidth Enhancement Using a Simple Folded Slot-Partial Ground Plane in Dualband MIMO Antenna," 2018 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), Bali, Indonesia, 2018, pp. 19-22, doi: 10.1109/ISITIA.2018.8711213.
[20]. M. M. H. Mahfuz et al., "Wearable Textile Patch Antenna: Challenges and Future Directions," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 38406-38427, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3161564.
[21]. Salvado R, Loss C, Gonçalves R, Pinho P. Textile Materials for the Design of Wearable Antennas: A Survey. Sensors. 2012; 12(11):15841-15857. https://doi.org/10.3390/s121115841
[22]. V. Kavitha, K. Malaisamy, and S. C. Bose, “Design and Development of Jeans Textile Antenna for Wireless Broadband Applications,” J. Ind. Textiles, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 1–20, Jan. 2023.
[23]. S. Purohit and F. Raval, “Wearable Textile Patch Antenna Using Jeans as Substrate at 2.45 GHz,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1687–1690, Jun. 2014.
[24]. R. R. Koul, P. A. Deshmukh, and R. G. Kshirsagar, “Characterization of Dielectric Properties of Denim Fabric for Wearable Antennas,” J. Ind. Textiles, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 785–799, Apr. 2020.
[2]. V. Adepu and V. S. S. N. S. Baba, "Design Analysis of Wearable Textile Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks," 2025 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), Chennai, India, 2025, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/WAMS64402.2025.11158017.
[3]. T. U. Pathan and B. Kakde, “A Compact Circular Polarized MIMO Fabric Antenna with AMC Backing for WBAN Applications,” Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 45–52, 2022.
[4]. U. Ali, S. Ullah, B. Kamal, L. Matekovits and A. Altaf, "Design, Analysis and Applications of Wearable Antennas: A Review," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 14458-14486, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3243292.
[5]. S. Shrivastava, A. Bansal and S. Malhotra, "Compact wearable textile antenna design for Biomedical Applications," 2023 First International Conference on Microwave, Antenna and Communication (MAC), Prayagraj, India, 2023, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/MAC58191.2023.10177127.
[6]. G. -P. Gao, W. -D. Guo, X. Wang, J. -J. Xia and B. Hu, "Omni-/Unidirectional Dual-Mode Dual-Polarized Wearable Antenna for IoT Applications," in IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1972-1979, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3611033.
[7]. Kumar Biswas, A. and Chakraborty, U., “Compact wearable MIMO antenna with improved port isolation for ultra-wideband applications.”, IET Microw. Antennas Propag., 13: 498-504. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2018.5599, 2019.
[8]. Dey AB, Pattanayak SS, Mitra D, Arif W., “Investigation and design of enhanced decoupled UWB MIMO antenna for wearable applications.”, Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2021;63:845–861. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.32699.
[9]. S. K. Singh, A. Tiwari, and M. Tiwari, “Wideband Textile Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna for Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)/Wearable Applications,” Int. J. RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. e22451, May 2020.
[10]. C. G. Revati and R. R. Patil, “Slot-Based Mutual Coupling Reduction Technique for MIMO Antenna,” SN Computer Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2021.
[11]. H. A. Mashagba, H. A. Rahim, I. Adam, et al., “A Hybrid Mutual Coupling Reduction Technique in a Dual-Band Textile MIMO Antenna for WBAN and 5G Applications,” J. Eng. Sci. Technol. Rev., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 54–61, Dec. 2021.
[12]. A. Fitri, U. Umaisaroh and M. Alaydrus, "A Novel Parasitic EBG Structure to Enhance Mutual Coupling for 2.45 GHz MIMO Antenna," 2022 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET), Bandung, Indonesia, 2022, pp. 253-257, doi: 10.1109/ICRAMET56917.2022.9991164.
[13]. R. Pei et al., "Wearable EBG-Backed Belt Antenna for Smart On-Body Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 7177-7189, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.2983064.
[14]. L. Li, J. Cao, and R. Xu, “Miniaturized Textile Flexible Antenna with Electromagnetic Band Gap for Wearable Application,” Frequenz, vol. 78, no. 1–2, pp. 23–31, 2024.
[15]. A. H. Abdelgwad and M. Ali, "Mutual Coupling Reduction of a Two-element MIMO Antenna System Using Defected Ground Structure," 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2020, pp. 1909-1910, doi: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330404.
[16]. E. Ovelatama, U. Umaisaroh and M. Alaydrus, "Mutual Coupling Reduction Employing Rectangular Shaped with Slotted Ring EBG and H-Shaped DGS for MIMO Antenna," 2024 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), Bali, Indonesia, 2024, pp. 435-437, doi: 10.1109/APMC60911.2024.10867793.
[17]. M. A. Sufian, N. Hussain, A. Abbas, J. Lee, S. G. Park and N. Kim, "Mutual Coupling Reduction of a Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna Using Parasitic Elements and DGS for V2X Communications," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 56388-56400, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177886.
[18]. S. Robee, J. P. Coupez, C. Person, A. -C. Amiaud and T. Merlet, "Mutual coupling reduction through choke structures in a Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array," 2023 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA), Genoa, Italy, 2023, pp. 857-861, doi: 10.1109/CAMA57522.2023.10352845.
[19]. S. Pramono and B. B. Subagio, "Mutual Coupling Reduction & Bandwidth Enhancement Using a Simple Folded Slot-Partial Ground Plane in Dualband MIMO Antenna," 2018 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), Bali, Indonesia, 2018, pp. 19-22, doi: 10.1109/ISITIA.2018.8711213.
[20]. M. M. H. Mahfuz et al., "Wearable Textile Patch Antenna: Challenges and Future Directions," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 38406-38427, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3161564.
[21]. Salvado R, Loss C, Gonçalves R, Pinho P. Textile Materials for the Design of Wearable Antennas: A Survey. Sensors. 2012; 12(11):15841-15857. https://doi.org/10.3390/s121115841
[22]. V. Kavitha, K. Malaisamy, and S. C. Bose, “Design and Development of Jeans Textile Antenna for Wireless Broadband Applications,” J. Ind. Textiles, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 1–20, Jan. 2023.
[23]. S. Purohit and F. Raval, “Wearable Textile Patch Antenna Using Jeans as Substrate at 2.45 GHz,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1687–1690, Jun. 2014.
[24]. R. R. Koul, P. A. Deshmukh, and R. G. Kshirsagar, “Characterization of Dielectric Properties of Denim Fabric for Wearable Antennas,” J. Ind. Textiles, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 785–799, Apr. 2020.